\u015eAM – Do\u011fu’nun m\u00fccevheri ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n beni oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015eam… \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en t\u00fcm medeniyetler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski ve en eski \u015fehirlerinden birine h\u00fckmetti\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lar in\u015fa etmeye veya baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa etmeye hevesliydi. Bu yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda tarihi birer delil olan \u00fc\u00e7 minaresi ve El Feyha (\u015eam) semalar\u0131nda u\u00e7an mimari \u015faheserleri ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Emevi Camii de \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur. Bu minarelerin d\u00fcnyada \u00f6rne\u011fi benzeri yoktur.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck Emevi Camii minareleri, tarihsel olarak \u015eam \u0130slam fetihinden ba\u015flayan Emevi devletine, Fat\u0131mi d\u00f6nemi, Tolonlar d\u00f6nemi, Ah\u015fidiler d\u00f6nemi de dahil olmak \u00fczere Abbasi d\u00f6nemine kadar t\u00fcm \u0130slami d\u00f6nemlerle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. El Nuri El Zenki d\u00f6nemi ve ard\u0131ndan Eyyubi devletine Meml\u00fcklerin durumuna ve ard\u0131ndan gelenlere g\u00f6re belgesel dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 ve tarih ve\u00a0 \u0130slam mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 profes\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. Muhammed Mutaz Al Sibini, ezan\u0131n \u015fehri \u00e7evreleyen t\u00fcm n\u00fcfus gruplar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, m\u00fcezzin korosu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yukar\u0131dan okundu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Al Sibini, B\u00fcy\u00fck Emevi Camii’nin kuzey revak\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yer alan El Arus (gelin) minaresiyle ilgili olarak, di\u011fer minarelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski minarelerinden biri olarak kabul edildi\u011fini, Caminin en \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 minaresinden biri olmas\u0131 ve \u015eam’\u0131n sembollerinden biri ve m\u00fcezzinlerin feneri olmas\u0131 nedeniyle Emevi Halifesi Al Velid bin Abdulmelik d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011funu belirten e\u015fsiz bir mimarl\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
Al Sibini’ye g\u00f6re, orant\u0131 oranlar\u0131 ve i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lan mimari ve ah\u015fap unsurlarla gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en g\u00fczel minarelerden biri olan Gelin Minaresi, tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan efsanevi olarak anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in dipten alt\u0131n yald\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bahsetmi\u015fler, t\u00fcm mimari yap\u0131lar ve arkeolojik an\u0131tlar gibi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara ve afetlere maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Al Sibini, g\u00fcnbat\u0131m\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve fenerlerle par\u0131ldad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecesinde par\u0131ldayan ve ayd\u0131nlanan geline benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in gelinin minaresi denildi\u011fini, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve par\u0131ldamas\u0131n\u0131n kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Amarah Mahallesi’ne kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, minarenin kaidesinin Emeviler d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011funu ve onun dokusunu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak minarenin kimli\u011finin, H. 555 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abbasiler ve Nuri Zengi Devleti d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan ve, Hicri 570 y\u0131l\u0131nda Eyyubiler d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na ve Meml\u00fbk Devleti d\u00f6neminde de giri\u015f ve onar\u0131mlarla elde edildi\u011fini belirtir.<\/p>\n
El Sbini, Caminin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu taraf\u0131nda, in\u015fas\u0131 H. 86-96 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Emevi Halifesi Al Velid bin Abdul Malik bin Merwan d\u00f6nemine tarihlenen \u0130sa (A.S)’\u0131n minaresi yer almaktad\u0131r. Onu ger\u00e7ek \u00f6z\u00fcnden uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran Memluk d\u00f6neminde Hicri 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda tarih\u00e7ilerin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re m\u00fcthi\u015f bir yang\u0131na tan\u0131k olmu\u015f ve ger\u00e7ek cevherinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediklerini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, Al Nevfera mahallesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Beyaz Minare veya Al Nevfera Minaresi olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Al Sibini, caminin bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Kay\u0131tbay minaresiyle ilgili olarak, \u015eam’da Meml\u00fckler d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen ilk minare oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekerek, caminin \u015eam’a ait olmas\u0131 nedeniyle var olan en \u00f6nemli minarelerden biri olarak kabul edildi\u011fini, bir mimarl\u0131k okulu, birden fazla sanat\u0131 toplayan di\u011fer minarelerden farkl\u0131 olarak, k\u00f6kenlerinin Emeviler oldu\u011funu ve deprem ile yang\u0131n ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar aras\u0131nda sallanmaya devam etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, H. 893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sultan El E\u015fref Kay\u0131tbay Al Mahmudi saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yenilendi\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
El Sibini, H. 1173 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendisine zarar veren bir depreme maruz kalan Kaytbay minaresini, sanatsal mimari \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mukarnas ve ablak ta\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan parlak bir ayet olarak nitelendirdi. \u015eam okulunun M\u0131s\u0131r ekol\u00fcnden etkilendi\u011fini belirten minare ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Sultan Kay\u0131tbay’\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 minare gibi geri d\u00f6nene kadar zaman\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli bir restorasyona tan\u0131k oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, mimari ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Dr. Yaser Al Sabba\u011f, Gelin minaresinin caminin kuzey duvar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyici bir i\u015flevi oldu\u011funu ve g\u00f6revinin g\u00fcney duvar\u0131ndaki \u00f6nleme kanad\u0131 g\u00f6revine yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rerek, basamak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 195 derece, y\u00fcksekli\u011finin ise 54 metre oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
Al Sabba\u011f, “\u0130sa ve Kay\u0131tbay” adl\u0131 iki minarenin in\u015fas\u0131 ile ilgili olarak, minare odalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7inilerinin minarenin temeline ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden var olan bir kule temelinde in\u015fa edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu nedenle, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n savunma kulesi i\u00e7inde \u00fcst \u00fcste yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f odalarda bir oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011funu, bunun i\u00e7in minare temelini yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tavanlar ve zeminlerin kaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, alttan \u00fcste y\u00fckselen minarenin ana merdivenlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, \u0130sa Minaresinin basamak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 248 basamak ve y\u00fcksekli\u011finin ise 68 metre oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131tbay minaresi ile ilgili olarak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131 malzemelerinin geleneksel oldu\u011funu ve yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten El Sabba\u011f, Meml\u00fckler d\u00f6neminde tamamen ta\u015ftan in\u015fa edildi\u011fini belirterek, y\u00fcksekli\u011finin 56 metre ve basamak say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da 237 oldu\u011funu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar oldu\u011fu gibi geldi\u011fini ve 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda cilaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti.
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